Практика разработки игр на Python: примеры и инструкции

Расширенные примеры с кодом и результатами

Полный код игры «Змейка» с улучшениями

Добавлены счёт, рестарт по пробелу и фиксация FPS.

import pygame, random

pygame.init()
W, H = 600, 400
CELL = 20
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((W, H))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial', 24)

def game_loop():
    snake = [(W//2, H//2)]
    dx, dy = CELL, 0
    food = (random.randrange(0, W, CELL), random.randrange(0, H, CELL))
    score = 0
    running = True
    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                return False
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    return True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP and dy == 0:
                    dx, dy = 0, -CELL
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and dy == 0:
                    dx, dy = 0, CELL
                elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and dx == 0:
                    dx, dy = -CELL, 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and dx == 0:
                    dx, dy = CELL, 0

        head = (snake[0][0] + dx, snake[0][1] + dy)
        if head in snake or head[0] < 0 or head[0] >= W or head[1] < 0 or head[1] >= H:
            break
        snake.insert(0, head)
        if head == food:
            food = (random.randrange(0, W, CELL), random.randrange(0, H, CELL))
            score += 1
        else:
            snake.pop()

        screen.fill((0,0,0))
        for seg in snake:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0,255,0), (seg[0], seg[1], CELL, CELL))
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,0,0), (food[0], food[1], CELL, CELL))
        text = font.render(f'Score: {score}', True, (255,255,255))
        screen.blit(text, (10,10))
        pygame.display.flip()
        clock.tick(10)
    return True  # restart flag

while game_loop():
    pass
pygame.quit()

Результат: запускается окно с игрой. При столкновении или нажатии пробела игра перезапускается. Счёт отображается вверху слева.

Тетрис на Pygame (упрощённая версия)

Реализуется поворот фигур и удаление заполненных линий.

import pygame, random

pygame.init()
W, H = 300, 600
CELL = 30
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((W, H))
board = [[0]*10 for _ in range(20)]
figures = [
    [[1,1,1,1]],  # I
    [[1,1],[1,1]], # O
    [[0,1,0],[1,1,1]], # T
    [[1,0,0],[1,1,1]], # L
    [[0,0,1],[1,1,1]]  # J
]

def draw_board():
    for r in range(20):
        for c in range(10):
            if board[r][c]:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0,255,0), (c*CELL, r*CELL, CELL, CELL))

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fall_time = 0
fall_speed = 500
current = {'shape': random.choice(figures), 'x': 3, 'y': 0}

def collision(shape, x, y):
    for r, row in enumerate(shape):
        for c, val in enumerate(row):
            if val and (y+r >= 20 or x+c < 0 or x+c >= 10 or board[y+r][x+c]):
                return True
    return False

def merge():
    for r, row in enumerate(current['shape']):
        for c, val in enumerate(row):
            if val:
                board[current['y']+r][current['x']+c] = 1

running = True
while running:
    screen.fill((0,0,0))
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and not collision(current['shape'], current['x']-1, current['y']):
                current['x'] -= 1
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and not collision(current['shape'], current['x']+1, current['y']):
                current['x'] += 1
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                rotated = list(zip(*current['shape'][::-1]))
                if not collision(rotated, current['x'], current['y']):
                    current['shape'] = rotated
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                if not collision(current['shape'], current['x'], current['y']+1):
                    current['y'] += 1

    fall_time += clock.get_rawtime()
    if fall_time >= fall_speed:
        fall_time = 0
        if not collision(current['shape'], current['x'], current['y']+1):
            current['y'] += 1
        else:
            merge()
            for r in range(19, -1, -1):
                if all(board[r]):
                    del board[r]
                    board.insert(0, [0]*10)
            current = {'shape': random.choice(figures), 'x': 3, 'y': 0}
            if collision(current['shape'], current['x'], current['y']):
                running = False

    draw_board()
    for r, row in enumerate(current['shape']):
        for c, val in enumerate(row):
            if val:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255,255,0), ((current['x']+c)*CELL, (current['y']+r)*CELL, CELL, CELL))
    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(30)

pygame.quit()

Результат: игра Тетрис с базовыми фигурами, автоматическим падением и удалением заполненных линий. Управление стрелками, поворот - вверх.

Игра на выживание с библиотекой Arcade

Летающие объекты, которые нужно избегать.

import arcade, random

SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600, 400

class Enemy(arcade.SpriteCircle):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(20, arcade.color.RED)
        self.center_x = random.randrange(SCREEN_WIDTH)
        self.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT
        self.change_y = -random.uniform(2,5)

    def update(self):
        self.center_y += self.change_y
        if self.top < 0:
            self.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT + 20
            self.center_x = random.randrange(SCREEN_WIDTH)

class Game(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
        self.player = arcade.SpriteCircle(30, arcade.color.BLUE)
        self.player.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH//2
        self.player.center_y = 50
        self.enemies = arcade.SpriteList()
        for _ in range(5):
            self.enemies.append(Enemy())

    def on_draw(self):
        arcade.start_render()
        self.player.draw()
        self.enemies.draw()

    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
        if key == arcade.key.LEFT and self.player.left > 0:
            self.player.center_x -= 20
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT and self.player.right < SCREEN_WIDTH:
            self.player.center_x += 20

    def update(self, delta_time):
        self.enemies.update()
        if arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(self.player, self.enemies):
            arcade.close_window()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    Game()
    arcade.run()

Результат: игрок управляет синим кругом, уклоняясь от падающих красных. При столкновении окно закрывается.